mungo and a viral pathogen, MYMIV at the biochemical and physiological level. In this communication we report interactions between V. The ROS either destroy the invading pathogens directly or activate expression of defense related gene cascade. ROS-scavenging enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidases (APX), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase (CAT) maintain ROS homeostasis in different compartments of the plant cell. The sequential reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide radical (.O 2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) and hydroxyl radical (.OH) are the most predominant ROS produced in plant cell. The ‘oxidative burst’ by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the earliest cellular responses following pathogen infection. During incompatible interaction the virus replication is ceased and the movement is arrested at or near the sites of infection. The accumulation of PR proteins is also associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against a wide range of pathogens. In incompatible interaction, the expression of host resistance (R) gene is triggered by specific molecular interactions with viral avirulence (Avr) proteins and activates a cascade of genes to induce defense mechanisms including synthesis of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The magnitude of physiological and phenotypic changes in the host during viral infection suggests the activation and suppression of global gene expressions in the host. Compatible host-virus interactions result in systemic infections leading to the development of characteristic symptoms. Plants exhibit specific responses when challenged with viruses. mungo leaf proteome upon MYMIV infection elucidating the mode of resistance response at the biochemical level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lone study deciphering differential regulations of V. Some of these identified, differentially regulated proteins are also conferring abiotic stress responses illustrating harmony amongst different stress responses. mungo involves redirection of carbohydrate flux towards pentose phosphate pathway. The robustness in induction of defense/stress and signal transduction related proteins is the key factor in inducing resistance. Conclusionsīiochemical and proteomic analyses revealed early accumulation of the defense/stress related proteins involved in ROS metabolism during incompatible interaction. These nodal proteins play the crucial role of key regulators in bringing about a coordinated defense response in highly orchestrated manner. The network of various cellular pathways that are involved in inducing defense response contains several conglomerated cores of nodal proteins, of which ascorbate peroxidase, rubisco activase and serine/glycine hydroxymethyl transferase are the three major hubs with high connectivity. Quantitative real time PCR analyses of selected genes corroborates with respective protein abundance during incompatible interaction. It was revealed that Photosystem II electron transports are the primary targets of MYMIV during pathogenesis. Differential intensities of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents are in congruence with proteomics data. Among these, photosynthesis related proteins were mostly affected in the susceptible genotype resulting in reduced photosynthesis rate under MYMIV-stress. ![]() Proteins of several functional categories were differentially changed in abundance during both compatible and incompatible interactions. Comparative proteome analyses using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry identified 109 differentially abundant proteins at 3, 7 and 14 days post MYMIV-inoculation. In the resistant genotype the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase increased significantly, while catalase activity decreased. Resultsīiochemical analysis revealed an increase in phenolics, hydrogen peroxide and carbohydrate contents in both compatible and incompatible interactions but the magnitudes were higher during incompatible interaction. mungo genotypes were executed to get an insight in the molecular events during compatible and incompatible plant-virus interactions. In this study biochemical analyses in conjunction with proteomics of MYMIV-susceptible and -resistant V. mungo and MYMIV pathosystem are yet to be explored. The molecular events occurring during compatible and incompatible interactions between V. Vigna mungo, a tropical leguminous plant, highly susceptible to yellow mosaic disease caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) resulting in high yield penalty.
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